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Suibne mac Cináeda (died 1034),〔McGuigan (2015); Bolton (2009); Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005).〕 also known as Suibne mac Cinaeda,〔Downham (2007); Broun (2004b); Woolf (2004); MacQueen (2003).〕 Suibne mac Cinaedh,〔Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005); Oram (2000); Oram (1988).〕 and Suibhne mac Cináeda,〔Hudson (2005); Hudson (1994).〕 was an eleventh-century ruler of the ''Gall Gaidheil'', a population of mixed Scandinavian and Gaelic ethnicity. There is little known of Suibne, as he is only attested in three sources that record the year of his death. He seems to have ruled in a region where ''Gall Gaidheil'' are known to have dwelt: either the Hebrides, the Firth of Clyde region, or somewhere along the south-western coast of Scotland from the firth southwards into Galloway. Suibne's patronym, meaning "son of ''Cináed''", could be evidence that he was a brother of the reigning Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scotland, and thus a member of the royal Alpínid dynasty. Suibne's career appears to have coincided with an expansion of the ''Gall Gaidheil'' along the south-west coast of what is today Scotland. This extension of power may have partially contributed to the destruction of the Kingdom of Strathclyde, an embattled realm which then faced aggressions from Dublin Vikings, Northumbrians, and Scots as well. The circumstances of Suibne's death are unknown, although one possibility could be that he was caught up in the vicious dynastic-strife endured by the Alpínids. ==Attestation== Suibne's death is recorded in 1034 by the ''Annals of Ulster'', the ''Annals of Tigernach'', and the ''Annals of Loch Cé''. These three sources accord him the title "''ri Gall-Gaidhel''", "''rí Gall-Gáedel''", and "''rí Gall Goeidil''" respectively,〔McGuigan (2015) p. 163; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; ''The Annals of Ulster'' (2012) § 1034.10; ''The Annals of Tigernach'' (2010) § 1034.3; Bolton (2009) p. 142; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 125; ''Annals of Loch Cé'' (2008) § 1034.8; ''The Annals of Ulster'' (2008) § 1034.10; Downham (2007) p. 171; Woolf (2007) p. 253; ''Annals of Loch Cé'' (2005) § 1034.8; ''Annals of Tigernach'' (2005) § 1034.3; Hudson (2005) p. 133; Broun (2004b) p. 136; MacQueen (2003) p. 69 n. 8; Oram (2000) p. 7; Hudson (1994) p. 117; Ó Murchú (1992) p. 36; Oram (1988) p. 7; Kapelle (1979) pp. 247–248 n. 39; Anderson (1922) p. 578, 578 n. 1.〕 a style which could be evidence that Suibne ruled in either the Isles, Galloway, or somewhere along the south-western coast of Scotland north of the Solway Firth.〔Clarkson (2010) p. 191; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 96; Oram (2000) p. 7; Smyth (1989) p. 213.〕 In fact, little is certain of Suibne, as he is not attested by any other historical source.〔Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 96; Oram (2000) p. 7; Oram (1988) pp. 7–8.〕 The Gaelic ''Gaidheal'' (plural ''Gaidheil''; and its variations) is primarily a linguistic term referring to speakers of Gaelic.〔Jennings, A (1996) p. 68.〕 The Gaelic term ''Gall Gaidheil'' (and its variations), literally meaning "Stranger-''Gaidheil''", first appears on record in the mid-ninth century. At this period in time, the term ''Gall'' (plural ''Gaill'') referred to Scandinavians, which indicates that ''Gall Gaidheil'' should be taken to mean "Scandinavian-''Gaidheil''".〔Jennings; Kruse (2009) pp. 123–124, 144; Woolf (2007) p. 100 n. 24; Jennings, A (1996) p. 66.〕 The term appears to have been applied to a population of mixed Scandinavian and Gaelic ethnicity in the Hebrides, perhaps within the former kingdom of Dál Riata. The leader of the ''Gall Gaidheil'' in the mid part of the century appears to have been a certain Caittil Find (possibly identical to Ketill Flatnefr), a man who may have been seated in the Hebrides.〔Jennings; Kruse (2009); Jennings, A (1996) pp. 66–67.〕 If the little that is known of Caittil and his connection with the ''Gall Gaidheil'' is correct, it could be evidence that Suibne was a Hebridean chieftain as well.〔Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 96; Oram (2000) p. 7.〕 The Scottish place name ''Galloway'', rendered in modern Gaelic ''Gall-Ghaidhealaibh'',〔Grant (2011).〕 is derived from the Gaelic ''i nGall Gaidhealaib'' ("amongst the ''Gall Gaidheil''").〔Jennings, AP (2001).〕 The thirteenth-century ''Orkneyinga saga'' refers to Galloway in Old Norse as ''Gaddgeðlar'', a name clearly derived from ''Gall Gaidheil''.〔Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 96; Oram (2000) p. 8.〕 The region was certainly associated with the ''Gall Gaidheil'' earlier in the previous century.〔Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 96; Oram (2000) p. 7.〕 Specifically, two members of the region's ruling family—Roland fitz Uhtred (died 1200) and Alan fitz Roland (died 1234)—are styled by the ''Annals of Ulster'' as "''rí Gall Gaidhel''" ("King of the ''Gall Gaidheil''") like Suibne himself.〔''The Annals of Ulster'' (2012) § 1200.6; ''The Annals of Ulster'' (2008) § 1200.6; ''Annala Uladh...'' (2005) § 1234.1; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp. 96–97; ''Annala Uladh...'' (2003) § 1234.1; Jennings, AP (2001); Oram (2000) p. 7; Oram (1988) pp. 7–8.〕 Although this title could suggest some sort of connection between Suibne and Galloway, there is no evidence of any familial link between him and the said later rulers.〔Oram (1988) p. 7.〕 In fact, the original territory of the ''Gall Gaidheil'' appears to have been much more expansive than that of Galloway. For example, there is evidence to suggest that the entire region south-west of Clydesdale and Teviotdale made up the lands of the ''Gall Gaidheil''.〔Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 574.〕 Furthermore, ''Félire Óengusso Céli Dé'' and the ''Martyrology of Tallaght'' reveal that Bute, an island of the Firth of Clyde, was encompassed within this wide-ranging ''Gall Gaidheil'' territory as well.〔Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 574–575; Jennings; Kruse (2009) p. 133; Jennings, AP (2001); Jennings, A (1996) p. 68; Stokes (1905) pp. 175, 184–185.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Suibne mac Cináeda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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